flfia fyda fõjd úfgl h:d¾:jd§ f,ස;a úfgl wêh:d¾:jd§ f,ස;a cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r ;,fha È.yefrk fuu kdglh wjidkfha ,xldj ;=, ir, iyiïnkaO m%;smlaIhlg W!kkh l, yels nj fmfka. m%cd;ka;%jdoh ksoyi$foaYfm%auh cd;sljdoh” wdkavqfõ yeisÍu úiska th msysgkafka fldkafoais úrys;j ol=Kq me;af;a h. tkï foaYfm%auh yd cd;sljdoh u; h. w,a ciSrd yd ,xld Bksõia jeks foia úfoia ckudOH úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh yd yshquka rhsÜia fjdÉ jeks isú,a ixúOdk msysgkafka jï me;af;a h. tkï m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd ksoyi u; h. W;am%dickl f,ස úmlaIh msysgkafka l=uk me;af;a ±hs ±lsh fkdyels h. ula ksido h;a th ueo we;s yria br u; msysgd isák ksid h. kuq;a b| ysg ldf.a fyda T¨jla fuu bfrka jug fyda ol=Kg mkskq ±lsh yels h. WodyrKhlg ið;a fm%auodif.a T¨j jrla u;= jQfha ol=KQ me;af;ks.
±ka nyq;r ,dxlSh ck;dj ys¢kq we;af;a l=uk me;af;a o@ miq.sh ue;sjrK;a ie,ls,a,g f.k idOdrK f,ස wkqudk l, yels jkafka Tjqka o foaYfm%auh me;af;a ysg .kq we;s nj h. wm yefudau okakd mßÈ miq.sh ue;sjrK j, § m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd ksoyi fjkqfjka jk igka mdG ch .;af;a ke;. u;jdoS wjldYh ilia ù we;s wdldrh wkqj foaYfm%aó jk w;ru ksoyi fyda m%cd;ka;%jdoh fjkqfjka fmkS isàug fkdyels h. fuu wdkavqfõ u;jdoh ld,hla ;siafia r|jd .;a hdka;%Kh thhs. fï ksid ck;dj foaYfm%aóka njg m;a jk úgu Tjqka ksoyfia yd m%cd;ka;%jdofha ස;=rka njg m;a fjhs. hqoaOhla ^fyda jH;sf¾lS ;;ajhla& fkdue;sj mjd yÈis kS;sfhka md,kh ùug leu;s 18 jk wdkavq l%u jHdjia:d ixfYdaOkh .eg¨jla lr fkd.;a W;=rg n,h fn§fï foaYmd,k úi÷ula wkjYH nj is;k ck;djla njg nyq;r ,dxlslhka m;a lsÍug fï ksid j;auka wdkavqfõ u;jd§ hdka;%Kh iu;a ù we;.
kuq;a wm bÈßfha we;s .eg¨j kï foaYmd,k kQ;k;ajfha wdo¾Yhka jk ksoyi yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh jeks igka mdG fkdi,ld yeÍug yels cd;shla njg wm m;a ùu yqÿ j;auka wdkavqfõ u;jd§ hdka;%Kfha iu;a lula muKla o hkakhs. u¾È; rdcHhla ස;=áka bjiSug wmg we;s YslaIKhg rdcmlaI frÔuhg jvd merKs b;sydihla ;sìh fkdyels o@ fuu ,smsh W;aidy lrkafka wmg ióm ;eklska fuu .eg¨jg ms,s;=rla fidhd .ekSugg h. ta i|yd tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh fyda cd;Hka;r kS;sh jeks l¾K lgql jd.a ud,djkaf.ka bj;a ù frdudka;sl fm%auh yd ckm%sh ixilD;sh jeks ñysß jpk we;s Èidjlg yefruq.
ckm%sh ixialD;sh yd frdudka;sl fm%auh
±ka wm W;aidy lrkafka ckm%sh ixialD;sfha wx.hka jk fg,skdgH Ñ;%mg yd frdudka;sl kjl;d oYl .kkdjla ;siafia fm%auh ksrEmkh lrk wdldrh i,ld ne,Sug h. iómj kerUqjfyd;a fmfkkq we;af;a ishjilg wdikak ld,hla ;siafia ,xldfõ fmïj;=ka uqyqK fok m%Odk .eg¨j jkafka ;ukaf.au mjqf,ka t,a,jk ndOdjka njhs. nyq;rhla fm%auh jgd f.;=kq ks¾udK ish ixjdo .eg¨j njg wo jk f;la m;a lr f.k we;af;a frdudka;sl fm%auh yd mjq, w;r .Ügkhhs. fuu mjq, wm kHIaÀl mjq, f,ස y÷kajk foudmshka ¥orejka iys; mjq,g jvd iuyr úg mq¨,a h. ta ksid fuh {d;s;a;j jHqyh f,ස ye¢kaùu jvd idOdrK úh yels h. ±ka wm bÈßfha we;s .eg¨j jkafka ishjilg wdikak ld,hla mqrd fm%auh ksrEmkh lrk ks¾udk fmïj;=ka yd {d;s;aj jHqyh w;r .egqula fyda iyiïnkaOhla njg W!kkh jkafka wehs o hkak hs. tfiau wjOdrKh l, hq;= jkafka ckm%sh ixialD;sh ;=,ska hï lsis .eg¨jla wLkavj mqkrdj¾;kh jk úg th wod, iudc h:d¾:h yd iïnkaOhla fkdola jkafka hehs neyer lsÍu widOdrK nj h.
WodyrKhla Tiafia ;;ajh jvd;a meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq. fï Èkj, úldYh jk wukaod, fnd| óÿï, wdorKSh pxp,d jeks ;j;a fndfyduhla fg,skdgHh ;=, fm%auh ksrEmkh jkafka mjq, yd fm%auh w;r .egqula f,ස hs. kuq;a úldYh ù wjika jQ wdorKSh mQ¾Ksud Tiafia .uka lsÍu wmg myiq úh yels h.
±ka ud jeks wjr risl;ajhla fkdue;s wdorkSh mQ¾Ksud fkdnÆ mdGlhka fjkqfjka tys l;dj ir,j y÷kd .ksuq. fuu kdgHfha uQ,sl ixjdo .eg¨j jkafka frdudka;sl fm%auh yd {d;s;aj jHqyh w;r .Ügkhhs. fuh ,dxlSh fm%au l;d idys;Hfha ckm%sh;u yd nyq,;u .eg¨j o jk nj wms by; i|yka lf,uq. fuu kdgHfha flakaøSh l;dj Èfjkafka mdrïmßl fjo mjq,l Èhkshl jk mQ¾Ksud iy mdrïmßl ro, mjq,l mqf;l= jk wixl w;r we;s jk frdudka;sl fm%auhg wixl f.a mjqf,ka t,a,jk úfrdaOhkaf.a foda,kh Tiafia h. fuu m%Odk hqj,g wu;rj ;j;a fmïj;=ka hqj, lsysmhla l;dj ;=, yuqfjhs.
flfia fyda fõjd mQ¾Ksud yd wixl o we;=¨ fuu ;reK ;reKshkaf.a Ôú; j,g we;af;a tl m%Yakhls. tkï ;u fm%auhka ish úia;D; mjqf,a isß;a úß;a j,g .e,fmk f,i újdyh olajd /f.k hd yels o hkak hs. fuu kdgHfha wmg yuqjk jeäysá pß; j,g we;s .eg¨j jkafka ish orejkaf.a fm%auhka ish {d;s;aj jHqyh ;=,g wjfYdaIkh lr .ekSug iqÿiq o ta flfia o hkak hs.
fï .eg¨ fol úiska is;a.kakd iq¨ kj .eg¨jla ks¾udKh lsÍug wmg n, lrkq ,nhs. tkï frdudka;sl fm%auh hkq l=ula o hkak hs. iudkH l;d ny f,dalh ;=, frdudka;sl fm%auh i¾j ld,Sk úYaùh fohla f,i i,lkq ,nhs. kuq;a iudc úoHdj ;=, thg ld,hla yd ia:dkhla ;sfí. ta wkqj frdudka;sl fm%auh iudchSh m%mxphla f,ස j¾Okh jkafka 18 jk ishjfia w.Nd.fhka miqj h. fjk;a jpk j,ska lshkafka kï th kj iudc isoaêhls. th ìys jkafka ld¾ñl Okjdofha yd kQ;k;ajfha l%shdkaú;h Tiafia fjkia jk iudc jgmsgdfjys h. ñka woyia jkafka ,sx.sl wdl¾Ikh u; mokï jQ udkj ne£ï ñka fmr fkdmej;=kd h hkak fkdfõ. kuq;a újdyh fyda tlaj Ôj;a ùu wfmalaId lrñka .eyekshlg fyda msßñfhl=g wdorh lsÍu iudc isÿùula njg m;a jkafka miqld,Skj hkakhs. mQ¾j kQ;k f,dalh ;=, újdy ùfï mokula f,i wod, mqoa.,hka tlsfkld flfrys we;s wdl¾IKh fkdi,lk ,È. újdyhka fhdað; tajd jQ w;r tys mokï l=,h, f.da;%h,{d;s;ajh, ,íêh, ckj¾.h hkd§ jYfhka úúO úh.
fuu mokï j, woyi l=ula o@ thska wod, mqoa.,hd ms,sn| ,eìh yels wjfndaOh l=ula o@ fï mokï j,ska wod, mqoa.,hd ksfhdackh lrk iduQysl wkkH;djhka bÈßm;a flfrhs. fuhska ,eìh yels wksjd¾h ks.ukh kï mQ¾j kQ;k iudchka újdyfha § iduQysl wkkH;djhg m%uqL;ajh fok ,o njhs. tfiau jeo.;a jk ;j;a lreKla jkafka fuu iduQysl;ajhka f,!lsl fkdjk flakaøhlska md,kh jk lsishï wdldrhlg m%YAK l, fkdyels ks¾ñ;hka ùu hs. wd¾Ól idOl o jeo.;a ;ekla bisÆ nj fkdryils. tfy;a újdyh iy foam, w;r iïnkaOh blaujd hñka iuyr wjia:d j, fuu wf,!lsl iduQysl;ajhka bÈßhg meñfKhs. .ïfmr<sh kjl;dfõ tk lhsidrej;af;a mjq, úiska msh,a fjkqjg ðkodi f;dard .ekSu ta i|yd WodyrKhls.
frdudka;sl fm%auh yd mqoa.,;ajh
±ka frdudka;sl fm%auh w¨;a fohla hehs lshk úg tys we;s w¨;a lu kï th fuu f,!lsl fkdjk iduQyslhg iy wd¾Ól idOl j,g tfrysj mqoa.,hd bÈßhg f.k tauhs. mqoa.,hdg fuu f,!lsl fkdjk iduQyslfhka ñ§ug wjYH bv ks¾udkh jkafka Okjdofha j¾Okh yd kQ;k;aj jHdmD;sh uÕska iudcfha we;s lrjk mßj¾;khka Tiafia h. ,dxlSh iudch fuu mßj¾;khkag ksrdjrKh jkafka hg;a úð; lrkfha m%;sM,hla f,i hs. 1833 flda,anDDla m%;sixialrk yryd rdcldß l%uh wfydais lsÍfï isg i¾jck Pkao n,h ysñ ùu olajd jk úúO n, jHdmD;Ska Tiafia l%ñlj iudcfha ms,sfj, iy ñksia is;Sfï wdlD;Ska h,s ielisk. wOHdmkh l%ñlj ilia ùu yd th iudch ;=, fyd¢ka úirkh ùu fï w;r flakaøSh jeo.;a lula Wiq,hs. uqøKh jHdma; ùu yd tys n,mEu idlaIr;djfha j¾Okh iuÕ n,j;a ùu o ;j;a w;lska isÿ fjhs. ngysr ffjoH úoHdfõ ±kqu Tiafia ñksia YÍrh yd jHdëka ms,sn| jQ woyia fjkia jkafka fi!LH lafIa;%fha j¾Okh iuÕ h. m%jdykfha yd ud¾. moaO;Ska f.a we;s jk mßj¾;khka Tiafia ld,h yd wjldYh ms,sn| ia:dms;hka fjkia fjhs. Widú iy fmd,Sis j, isg oyil=;a tlla ks,Odß ;ka;%hkaf.ka iudch Wvq hál=re flfrhs. tfiau tla w;lska wOHdmkh;a wfkla w;ska hg;a úð; wd¾Ólh;a l=, f.d;a fkd;ld iudcfha bÈßhg hdfï yelshdj hï wdldrhlg iy;sl lrhs. fï wd§ jYfhka jQ ixlS¾K l%shdj,sh úiska wm by; i|yka l, f,!lsl fkdjk iduQysl;ajhka hï wdldrhlg ,sys,a lrkq ,eî h.
kQ;k mqoa.,;ajh kï jQ m%mxph ,dxlSh iudch ;=, f.dvkeÕSu wmg ±l .; yels jkafka fuu l%shdj,shg ,dxlSh ñksia úIh wNsuqL ùfï m%;sM,hla f,ස h. tfiau kQ;k frdudka;sl fm%auh ñksia iïnkaOhla f,I ,dxlSh iudc foayh u; j¾Okh jkafka óg iudka;rj hehs ;¾l l, yels h.
.=Kodi wurfialrf.a bksuf.a by,g kjl;dfõ fujeks fonila ;sfí. zzfm%auh lshk tl wmsg w¨;a fohla' wfma mrmqr ;uhs m,uq jrg tal we¢k .;af;' tal wmsg ;du iqkaor lú is;sú,a,la'ZZ by; kjl;dfõ pß;hl uqj.g fï jpk kefÕkafka m%nkAO ld,hg wkqj kï 1960 .Kka j, ojil h' Tjqka l;d ny lrñka isákafka fmardfoks .=rel=,h uÕska j¾Kkd lrk ,o kjl;djla jk h,s Wmkafkñ ms,sn|jhs ^fuu ikao¾Nh ;=, § th fmardfoks idys;H hq.h ;=, by,g tijqkq kjl;d nyq;rhla ksfhdackh lrk mohla f,i o .ekSu widOdrK fkdfõ'& fuu isÿùu ;=, ixjdohg Ndckh jkafka h,s Wmkafkñ kjl;dfõ m%Odk pß;h jk rK;=x.f.a fm%auh wid¾:l ùug Tyq ye§ jevqkq ixialD;sl mßirh ^isxy, fn!oaO .eñ& iy th úiska we;s lrk udkisl w.;Ska n,mdkafka o hkak hs' Wla; m%ldYh lrk isßmd, ±äj m%ldY lrkafka fmardfoks .=rel=,h wjOdrkh lrk ixialD;sl jHdêh udhdjla nj;a fm%auh wid¾:l jkafka th fuu mrmqrg w¨;a w;a±lSula jk ksid;a nj hs'
flfia fyda fõjd úisjk ishjfia uq,Nd.fha ,xldj ;=, j¾Okh jk kj iudc m%mxphla jk frdudka;sl fm%auh úis tla jk ishjfia äðg,a hq.h ;=, § wdorKSh mQ¾Ksud wdlD;sh ;=, bÈßm;a ùu úYauh ckl fkdjkafka o@ flfkl= mQ¾Ksud fyda wukaod fyda fnd| óÿï jeks WodyrK yqÿ iudc foayh yd iïnkaOhla fkdue;s m%nkaO f,ස neyer lrkafka kï fujeks fg,s kdgH j, rÕmdk k¨ ks,shka f.a idlÉPd j,g wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu jeo.;a h. jrla kjl ks,shl jk k§Id hdmdf.a f.ka forK rEmjdysKsh m%Yak lrkafka Tn újdyfha § flakaorhg uq,a ;ekla fokjdo hkqfjks. wef.a ms,s;=r Tõ hkakhs. ,xldfõ rE /ðkl jQ wkQId rdcmlaI ;uka leu;s fhdað; újdyhlg nj mqj;a m;lg l,lg by; m%ldY lr ;sìK. flakaor fyda fhdackd fyda fï ish,a, ne£ we;af;a {d;s;aj jHqyh iuÕ h. tfiau fndfyda k¨ ks,shka ;uka rÕmdk pß; ish mqoa.,sl Ôú;hg iïnkaO nj ks;r m%ldY lrhs. WodyrK folla blaukska u;lhg kef.hs. fnd| óÿï ys ixi,d f.a pß;h rÕmdk Wodß j¾KiQßh bka tlls. ye;a;Ej oYlfha kjl;djla jk .eyeKq ,uhs weiqfrka ks¾udKh lr uE;l úldYh jQ fu.d fg,skdgHfha l=iqï f.a pß;h rÕmE ks¨laIs m%kdkaÿ mjid ;snqfka l=iqï wehg fndfyda ióm nj h.
iuld,Sk fm%auh mdol lr.;a ngysr Ñ;%mg j, iuyr úg fmïj;=kaf.a mjq,a ms,sn| lsisÿ f;dr;=rla bÈßm;a fkdfjhs. .egqï we;s jkafka fmïj;=ka w;r h. tlsfkldf.a reÑ wreÑlï, fkd.e,mSï, úfkdaodxY, ñ;% iïnkaO;d, wdYdjka hkd§ jYfhka jQ mqoa.,hd mjqf,ka bj;a jQ miq Ôú;h /f|k fya;= idOl fmïj;=ka f,I jgyd .kafka fyda ord .kafka flfia o hkak u; fndfyda ckm%sh Ñ;%mg fg,s kdgH yd kjl;d ks¾udKh ù we;. frdudka;sl fm%auh hkqu fofofkl= tlsfkldf.a mqoa.,;ajhka wdYajdokh lsÍu hs.
frdudka;sl fm%auh yd foaYmd,k kQ;k;ajh
fï ksid frdudka;sl fm%auhg iudch yd tys ms,sfj, jeo.;a h. kuq;a ,xldfõ fmïj;=ka uqyqK fok fydag,a ldur j,g fmd,sish meñKSu fyda uqyqÿ fjrf,ka ysá .uka l=o,f.k f.dia fmd,sia l+vqfõ ±óu jeks iudchSh iïndOl .kkh l, fkdyels ;rï iq¨ foa njg m;aj ;sfnkafka ckm%sh ixialD;sfha jrola ksid fkdfõ. we;a;gu ,xldfõ § fm%auhg iudch uqkfkd.efik ksid h. ckm%sh ixialD;sh kej; kej;;a frdudka;sl fm%auh yd {d;s;aj jHqyh w;r .egqu bÈßm;a lsÍfï ryi l%ufhka fy,sorõ ùfï § wmg th fmfkhs.
wm by;ska kQ;k;aj jHdmD;sh yd Okjdofha j¾Okh ,xldfõ ikao¾Nh ;=, ir,j idlÉPd lr we;. tfy;a t;ek i|yka fkdlrk ,o lreKq lsysmhla fuu .eg¨jg wod,j fláfhka u;= lsÍu jeo.;a h. Okjdoh hg;aúð; jHdmD;sfha fldgila f,ස ,xldfõ j¾Okh jk úg th úiska mej;s mQ¾j kQ;k iudc iïnkaO;d jHqyhka iïmQ¾Kfhka fmr,d ±óug iu;a jQfha ke;. ta fjkqjg hg;a úð; rdcHfha yd m%d.aOkfha wdêm;Hh hgf;a fuu mQ¾j kQ;k iudc iïnkaO;d iqrlaIs; jQ wdldrh ,xldfõ iqúYsIag iudc úoHd{fhl= jQ ksõgka .=Kisxy fmkajd § we;. hg;aúð; rdcHfha m%d.aOk ixflakaøK Wjukdjka id¾:l lr .ekSug tla w;lska fuu mQ¾j kQ;k ñksia in|;d jHqyhka mj;ajdf.k hdu myiqjla úh. wfkla w;g fuu W!k ixj¾ê; yd wiu;=,s; OfkaIajr ksIamdok udÈ,sh úiska ckkh lrk wjj¾ê; udkj iïnkaO;d iajrEmhka wfmalu f,i W;al¾Ikh lsÍug hg;aúð; úfrdaë l;sldj;a bka mek keÕS wo ojfia nEka lSka uQkaf.a mUhka .sks;nk cd;sl jdoh;a tod isg ie§ meye§ isáfha h. fï ksid ,xldj ;=, j¾Okh jk kQ;k mqoa.,;ajh hkq idfmalaIj ÿ¾j, tlls. th wf,!lsl iduQyslhkaf.ka .e,ù fya;=j u; mokïj ;uka fjkqfjka ;SrK .kakd ukqIHfhl= ìysfkdlrhs. jvd;a ksjerÈj mejish hq;= jkafka fuu mqoa.,hd isákafka fya;=j;a wf,!lsl;ajh;a w;r ksrka;r foda,khl nj h. WodyrKhla yeáhg pïmsl rKjl wud;Hjrhd fï Èk j, mdk fm,yr o flfkl=g ±ka kej; i,ld ne,sh yels h.
fuu W!k ixj¾ê; Okjdoh yd thska cks; wjj¾ê; iudc in|;d 1977 újD; wd¾Ólh wìuqj wNHka;ßlj;a ndysrj;a úmßj¾;kh úh. ta ms,sn|j úia;rd;aul wOHhkhlg hdug fuu ,smsh ;=, bvla ke;. flfia fj;;a fï ish¨ úmßj¾;khka isÿ jk úg mjd jir ishhla muK uq¨,af,ys frdudka;sl fm%auh ms,sn| wm uq,ska i|yka l, m%Yakh iq¨ fjkia lï iys;j kej; kej;;a WÉpdrKh flfrhs.
frdudka;sl fm%auhg fiau ksoyi yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh hk m%mxphkag o mqoa.,;ajh ;SrKd;aul idOlhls. frdudka;sl fm%auh fiau ksoyi yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh hkq kQ;k;ajfha ixrplhka h. iudchSh ksoyfiys jeo.;alu ±fkkq we;af;a mqoa.,hkag h. mqoa.,hd hkq Okjdofha yd kQ;k;ajfha n,rgd j,g yiq ù {d;s;aj mjq,a mokï ,syS yqfol,d jQ ñksfils. Tyq fyda weh fmïjf;la fyda fmïj;shla fidhhs. ñ;=frl= fyda ñ;=ßhl fidhhs. ;u meje;au fmdÿ kS;sfhys ස,l=Kq ùu wfmalaId lrhs. fmdÿ ck wjldYh ish wd,skaoh lr .ekSug W;aidy lrhs.
18 jk wdkavq l%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh yd yÈis kS;sh ms,sn|j fu;ek § kej; lshùu jeo.;a h. 18 jk wdkavq l%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh hkq ckdêm;s rdcdkavqjlg u. újr lrk ffk;sl m%;smdokhls. yÈis kS;sh hkq kS;sh úiskau kS;sh bj;a lsÍfï l%ufõohls. cd;sl rdcHhla ;=, foaYmd,kh yd fmdÿck kS;sh w;r ióm iïnkaOhla fiau ukd iymeje;aula we;. kuq;a fuu iymeje;au foaYmd,kh me;af;ka ;j ÿrg;a mj;ajd .; fkdyels isú,a hqoaO fyda ler,s wjia:djka ys § iajdêm;shdg jH;sf¾lS ;;ajhla we;s lsÍfï yelshdj mj;S. w;HjYH;dj u; we;s lrk yÈis kS;sh hkq fuu jH;sf¾lS ;;ajhhs. th kS;shla fkdj foaYmd,kh yd kS;sh w;r we;s w÷re wmeyeÈ,s ;Srhls. th úiska mqrjeisfhl= i;= ffk;sl meje;au wNsfhda.hg ,la lrhs. kQ;k ñksia Ôú;h hkq tla w;lska ks, ;ka;%hka u; flgqkq ffk;sl meje;auls. wo WmÈk orejd f.a isg Bfha ñh.sh uy,a,d olajd fuh wod, h. Wmamekak iy;slfha isg urK iy;slh olajd jk iy;sl yqÿ lrodis fkdjkafka tfyhsks. tfy;a by; i|yka l, foaYmd,kh yd kS;sh w;r jk w÷re wmeyeÈ,s ;Srfha § iy;sl fkdl, urK yuqúh yels h. Èk lsysmhlg fmr hdmkfha u,a,dlï ys kj Widú ixlS¾Khlg w;a;sjdru lmoa§ ñkS ysialn,a yd weglgq yuqùu fï ms,sn| ìysiqkq Wmud rEmslhls. 1971 isg wo olajd ,xldj md,kh jkafka kS;sh úiskau kS;sh my lr yßk kS;suh wdlD;shla ke;s yÈis kS;sh f,i ye¢kafjk fuu w÷re ìysiqkq ;Srfhks.
±ka nEka lSka uQkaf.a jd¾;dj .ek h,s;a ස,ld n,uq. th lsisfia;au ,dxlsl foaYmd,lhka yd yuqod kdhlhka úÿ,s mqgqjg f.k hdfï wêl;r Wjukdfjka hq;=j wêrdcHjd§ka úiska wgjk ,o W.=,la fkdfõ. jir ;syl isú,a hqoaOh wjika ùfuka miqj j;a kQ;k foaYmd,k iNH;ajhla we;s lr .ekSug ,dxld rchg n, lsÍu fjkqfjka wgjk ,o W.=,ls. th lsisfia;a wysxil wfmalaIdjla fkdfõ. ula ksido h;a Okjdoh l%uhla f,i id¾:lj j¾Okh lsÍug kQ;k foaYmd,k YslaIKh ;rula ÿrg fyda ;=kajk f,dalfha rglg wjYH nj tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh okakd ksid h.
wm fuu ,smsh wdrïNfha u;= l, .eg¨j jkafka u¾ê; rdcHhla ස;=áka bjiSug ,dxlslhka f,ස wmg we;s YslaIKhg rdcmlaI frÔuhg jvd jeä b;sydihla ;sfí o hkak hs. thg ms,s;=rla f.dkq lsÍu i|yd wms frdudka;sl fm%auh yd ckm%sh ixialD;sh Tiafia .uka lf,uq. m,uq .eg¨jg ms,s;=rla f.dkq lsÍfï .ufka wm uqyqK ÿka fojk .eg¨j ckm%sh ixialD;sldx. fm%auh ksrEmkh lrk úg th yeu úgu {d;s;aj jHqyh w;r .egqula f,ස bÈßm;a lrkafka wehs o hkakhs. tys § wmg kj .eg¨jla wNsuqL úh. tkï frdudka;sl fm%auh hkq l=ula o hkak hs. frdudka;sl fm%auh hkq kQ;k;ajh yd Okjdofha m%;sM,hla f,ස j¾Okh jk kj iudc m%mxphla nj wms ±k .;suq. mQ¾j kQ;k iudcfha újdyhka ;SrKh l, wf,!lsl iduQysl wkkH;d Okjdofha yd kQ;k;ajfha l%shdkaú;h ;=, Èh ù mqoa.,;ajh bÈßhg meñfKk nj;a frdudka;sl fm%auh hkq fofofkl= ish mqoa.,;ajhka wdYajdokh lsÍu nj;a wms mejiqfjuq. fm%auh fiau ksoyi yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh hkq o kQ;k;ajfha wx. nj bka wk;=rej lsheúk. wf,!lsl iduQyslhka Èh ù yqfol,d jQ mqoa., úIh iudchShj iqrlaIs; lsÍug kQ;k iudc foaYmd,k ms,sfjf,ys wjYH;dj o wjOdrKh flßk. kuq;a ,xldj ;=, Èh;ajk W!k ixj¾ê; Okjdoh yd kQ;k;aj jHdmD;sh úiska ckkh lrk mqoa.,;ajh ÿ¾j, tlla nj wmg fmksk.
fï ksid nyq;r ,dxlslhka hkq by; i|yka l, wf,!lsl iduQyslfhka .e, ù iudcfha ms,sirK m;k yqfol,d mqoa.,hka fkdfõ. fm%aufha § fiau fuu wjj¾ê; mqoa.,hdg wfkl=;a wjia:djka ys § o iudchSh wdrlaIKh t;rï ;SrKd;aul fkdfõ. ^1994 iufha § ksoyi ms,sn| woyia hï wdldrhlg ckm%sh jQfha 88$89 ìysiqkq u;lh ksid h. ol=Kg iudc ksoyi jeo.;a igka mdGhla úh yelafla tjeks ysxikSh u;lhlg miqj muK o@& nyq;r ,dxlslhdg kS;sh yd ms,sfj, hï ;dla ÿrlg jeo.;a jk w;ru wd.u, foúhka, hleÿrka, id;a;rlrejka yd ish {d;s;aj iduQyslhka ;SrKd;aul fjhs. ,xldj ;=, we;s fuu laIqø wf,!lsl iduQyslhka ufyalaI wf,!lsl iduQyslhla njg m;a lrk wo ojfia u;jd§ hdka;%Kh isxy,-fn!oaO cd;sljdoh yd foaYfm%auhhs.
mqoa.,;ajh ksfYaOkd;aul f,ස neyer lrk ,xldfõ jdudxYsl l;sldj f,!lsl iduQyslhla flfrys jk udlaia f.a fkdiage,aðl isyskfha mqoa.,hdg ysñ ;ek jgyd fkd.;af;a h. wf,!lsl iduQyslfha isg wkd.; f,!lsl iduQyslhla olajd .uka lsÍfï iqúfYaIS w;r ueo i,l=kq lrkafka mqoa.,;ajh úisks. ks¾Okhd hkq mqoa.,fhls.
,smsh wjika lsÍu i|yd udkj úoHd{fhl= jk la,s*¾â .aÍÜia lrk m%ldYhla fï ikao¾Nh ;=, kej; ,súh yels h. ukqIHfhla ùu ම hkq mqoa.,fhl= ùu hs.
fl!Y,H l=udrisxy
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